To make the three-phase asynchronous motor work, the prerequisite is to have a rotating magnetic field, and its stator winding is used to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the voltage between the phase power source and the phase is different in phase120The three windings in the stator are also different in spatial orientation120In this way, when a three-phase power supply is passed into the stator winding, the stator winding will generate a rotating magnetic field.
Every time the current changes one cycle, the rotating magnetic field rotates once in space, that is, the rotating speed of the rotating magnetic field is synchronized with the change of the current. The rotation speed of the rotating magnetic field is:n=60f/PShizhongfIs the power supply frequency,PIs the number of magnetic poles of the magnetic field,nThe unit is: revolutions per minute. The speed of the three-phase asynchronous motor is related to the number of magnetic poles and the frequency of the power supply.
A single-phase AC motor has only one winding and a squirrel cage rotor. When the single-phase sinusoidal current passes through the stator winding, the motor will produce an alternating magnetic field, and the strength and direction of the magnetic field change sinusoidal law at any time, but it is fixed in the spatial orientation, so it is also called the magnetic field is an alternating pulsating magnetic field.
This alternating pulsating magnetic field can be decomposed into two rotating magnetic fields with the same speed and opposite rotation directions. When the rotor is stationary, the two rotating magnetic fields produce two equal and opposite torques in the rotor, making the component torque zero, so the motor cannot rotate.
When the motor is rotated in a certain direction by an external force (such as clockwise rotation), the motion of the cut magnetic field line between the rotor and the rotating magnetic field in the clockwise rotation direction becomes smaller; The motion of the cut magnetic field line between the rotor and the rotating magnetic field in the counterclockwise rotation direction becomes larger. In this way, the balance is broken, the total electromagnetic torque generated by the rotor will no longer be zero, and the rotor will rotate in the direction of the push.
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